A great many customer calls received at National concerning switcher applications are ultimately traced to poor layout practices. These could and should have been avoided on the very first prototype ...

PC-board layout sets the functional, electromagnetic interference (EMI), and thermal behavior of a power supply. Good layout from first prototyping on actually saves significant resources in EMI ...

Considerations for dividing analog and digital blocks. Decoupling techniques. Breaking down the board layers. How best to deal with grounding. Similar to building a house, it’s essential to create a ...

The quest for ever-higher bandwidth has brought us inevitably to high-speed serial technologies such as PCI Express, which runs at a symbol rate of 2.5 Gbits per second. This hunger for bandwidth has ...